In Africa, twin lakes are separated in the south by Mountains of the Moon. Korea is shown as an island (see below) and the Great Wall is shown in the interior of China. Patagonian giants are tucked into South America. Lawrence River extends to the middle of North America. The map is full of many more fascinating details. This is a reference to a place mentioned in Marco Polo’s travels and frequently transposed to a southern continent in maps. The toponym Beach is on a peninsula of this continent near Southeast Asia. The shore is incomplete south of Cape Horn. In the far south is a massive southern continent which encompasses Australia and has a northward thrust in the South Atlantic. This is the geography reflected on this map, with a pointed Tierra del Fuego flanked by the Strait of Magellan and the Strait of Le Maire and an open seaway around Cape Horn. They sailed between Tierra del Fuego and an island they called Staten Land, entering the Pacific around Cape Horn and crossing the South Seas. Schouten and the younger Le Maire sailed in 1615. In an attempt to undermine the monopoly of the Dutch East India Company (VOC), Isaac Le Maire, Jacob’s father, planned an attempt to find another entrance to the Pacific from the Atlantic. The final voyage mentioned in the cartouche is that of Le Maire, a reference to the circumnavigation of Jacob Le Maire and Willem Schouten (1615-1617). All three of these voyages went through the Strait of Magellan, as did Sebald de Weert at the turn of the seventeenth century and Spilbergen during his circumnavigation (1614-1617). It also mentions the circumnavigations of Francis Drake (1577-1580) and Thomas Cavendish (1586-8). It then turns to the pioneering circumnavigation of Ferdinand Magellan, or, rather, of his crew, as Magellan himself died in the Philippines. The cartouche outlines the voyages of Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci in the Caribbean. However, it discusses not northern feats, but more southerly expeditions. Despite no accurate reports of its whereabouts, the island appeared on Admiralty charts and other reputable maps for centuries, usually at a latitude of 51°N and at a longitude of 17°W.Ī large cartouche fills the empty north of the Americas. The island was the subject of a fanciful pamphlet by Richard Head in 1675. It started to appear on portolan charts in the fourteenth century and continued to be a stalwart of maps and charts into the nineteenth century. The island was initially described as a rich paradise not unlike Atlantis it emerged from the depths for a short period and then would disappear. It ranges on maps from just off the west coast of Ireland to the area around the Azores. Hy Brasil is an enduring Atlantic chimera emerging from Celtic folklore. In the Atlantic are the mythical islands of Frisland and Brasil. Although he never found the cities or the gold, the name stuck on maps of southwest North America, wandering from east to west. In 1539, Coronado wandered over what today is Arizona and New Mexico, eventually heading to what is now Kansas to find the supposedly rich city of Quivira. Quivira refers to the Seven Cities of Gold sought by the Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in 1541. Near to the Strait of Anian is Quivira Regnum. A note in Greenland discusses the voyages of John Davis in the late sixteenth century, while an Indigenous man carries a canoe and a bow nearby. However, the presence of the Strait of Anian (see below) between Asia and North America suggests that a northeast or inland passage might still be possible, especially as a ship is suggestively placed near Nova Zemla. Greenland is seemingly attached to the continent, making an oceanic Northwest Passage seem unlikely. The map, on a Mercator projection, includes a spectacularly broad North America. The present example is the fifth and final state, dated 1652. Pieter Goos engraved the latter and Shirley surmises that he also likely engraved this piece. The initial state of this planisphere was published in 1639, one year after Visscher made a double-hemisphere map of the world. This world map is one of four with embellished panels that Visscher issued between 16. Visscher’s maps are known as some of the most spendidly ornate of the seventeenth century. Known as the Twelve Caesars Map, it is famous for the inclusion of the mounted Roman emperors in the decorative borders.
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